“He works at a hospital.” in Punjabi: “ਉਹ ਇੱਕ ਹਸਪਤਾਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।”

When to use it

Use it when someone asks what your brother or friend does for a living.

“He works at a hospital.” — The sentence in English

In “He works at a hospital.” the pronoun marks gender and the verb takes ‘-s’ for the third person.

He

pronounpersonal pronoun, third person singular

works

verbwork · tense: present · person: third · number: singular · the -s marks the third person singular

at

prepositionpreposition of place

a

determinerindefinite article

hospital

nounnoun

“ਉਹ ਇੱਕ ਹਸਪਤਾਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।” — The sentence in Punjabi

In “ਉਹ ਇੱਕ ਹਸਪਤਾਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।” ‘ਉਹ’ (he/she) has no gender; the verb ‘ਕਰਦਾ’ (does) shows a man, and a woman would be ‘ਕਰਦੀ’. ‘ਵਿੱਚ’ (in) follows ‘ਹਸਪਤਾਲ’ (hospital).

ਉਹ

pronoun'he/she'; masculine here, shown by ਕਰਦਾ

ਇੱਕ

determiner'one, a': some hospital

ਹਸਪਤਾਲ

nounmasculine noun 'hospital'

ਵਿੱਚ

prepositionpostposition 'in', after the noun

ਕੰਮ

noun'work'; ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨਾ = to work

ਕਰਦਾ

verbਕਰਨਾ · tense: present habitual · form: masculine singular · habitual 'does', marking a male subject

ਹੈ

auxiliary verbਹੋਣਾ · tense: present · person: 3rd · completes the habitual present

English × Punjabi: What changes from one language to the other

English marks gender in the pronoun; Punjabi marks it in the verb and uses a postposition.

Example conversation